{"id":20221,"date":"2020-12-22T05:36:05","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T05:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20221"},"modified":"2020-12-22T05:36:08","modified_gmt":"2020-12-22T05:36:08","slug":"why-do-you-having-problems-frequently-when-welding-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/paslanmaz-celik-kaynak-yaparken-neden-siklikla-sorunlar-yasiyorsunuz\/","title":{"rendered":"Paslanmaz \u00c7elik Kaynak Yaparken Neden S\u0131k S\u0131k Sorun Ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin kaynak \u00f6zellikleri: kaynak i\u015fleminde elastik ve plastik stres ve gerinim \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, ancak \u00e7ok az so\u011fuk \u00e7atlak vard\u0131r. Kaynakl\u0131 birle\u015ftirmede su verme sertle\u015fme b\u00f6lgesi ve tane irile\u015fmesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kayna\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana sorunlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynak deformasyonu; Tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve baz\u0131 eser kirliliklere (s, P) duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, s\u0131cak \u00e7atlaklar \u00fcretmek kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin be\u015f ana kaynak sorunu ve i\u015flem \u00f6nlemleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom karb\u00fcr olu\u015fumu, kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n taneler aras\u0131 korozyon direncini azalt\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Taneler aras\u0131 korozyon: zay\u0131f krom teorisine g\u00f6re, kaynak ve \u0131s\u0131dan etkilenen b\u00f6lge 450 ~ 850 \u2103 hassasiyet s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesine \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, krom karb\u00fcr tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kelir, bu da direnmek i\u00e7in yeterli olmayan zay\u0131f krom tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na neden olur. a\u015f\u0131nma. S\u0131f\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Kayna\u011f\u0131n taneler aras\u0131 korozyonunu ve hedef malzeme \u00fczerindeki hassas s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinin korozyonunu s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Cr23C6 olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ana metal ve kaynaktaki karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltmak i\u00e7in ana metale Ti ve Nb gibi stabilize edici elementler eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Kaynakta ostenitin \u00e7ift fazl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 ve az miktarda ferrit olu\u015fur. Kaynakta belirli bir miktar ferrit oldu\u011funda, tane boyutu rafine edilebilir, tane alan\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131labilir ve tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n birim alan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen krom karb\u00fcr miktar\u0131 azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr23C6, \u00f6stenit tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda zay\u0131f krom yerine tercihen ferritte olu\u015fturulur; \u00f6stenit aras\u0131ndaki ferrit, korozyonun tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 boyunca i\u00e7 k\u0131sma yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Duyarl\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kalma s\u00fcresini kontrol edin. 600-1000 \u2103 kalma s\u00fcresini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca k\u0131saltmak i\u00e7in kaynak termal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ayarlay\u0131n. Y\u00fcksek enerji yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip kaynak y\u00f6ntemi (plazma argon ark kayna\u011f\u0131 gibi) se\u00e7ilebilir. Kaynak hatt\u0131 enerjisi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Argon gaz\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n arkas\u0131na uygulan\u0131r veya kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bak\u0131r ped kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tekrarlanan \u0131s\u0131tmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ark \u00e7arpma ve ark durdurma say\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 kaynak ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortam aras\u0131ndaki temas y\u00fczeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca uzundur Kaynak vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Kaynaktan sonra, karb\u00fcr\u00fc tamamen \u00e7\u00f6keltmek ve krom dif\u00fczyonunu h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 koruma ve hava so\u011futmas\u0131ndan sonra kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemi veya stabilizasyon tavlamas\u0131 (850-900 \u2103) yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Bu nedenle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nleyici tedbirler al\u0131nabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karbonun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dif\u00fczyon kabiliyeti nedeniyle, so\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ayr\u0131lacak ve s\u00fcperdoyma durumu olu\u015fturacak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dif\u00fczyon kabiliyeti nedeniyle Ti ve Nb kristalde kalacakt\u0131r. Kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 hassasla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doymu\u015f karbon Cr23C6 \u015feklinde \u00e7\u00f6kecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fini azalt\u0131n. Stabilize edici elementler i\u00e7eren paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi 0.06%'yi ge\u00e7memelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Adopt reasonable welding process. In order to reduce the residence time of overheated zone at high temperature, a smaller welding line energy should be selected to avoid “medium temperature sensitization” effect in the welding process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ift tarafl\u0131 kaynak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamla temas eden kaynak en son kaynaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r (b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 kal\u0131n cidarl\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 borunun i\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kaynaktan sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur). Uygulanamazsa, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamla temas eden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nan alan\u0131n tekrar hassasla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kaynak \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve kaynak \u015fekli ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Kaynak sonras\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem. Kaynaktan sonra kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti veya stabilizasyon i\u015flemi yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gerilme korozyonu \u00e7atlamas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gerilme korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nabilir:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Do\u011fru malzeme se\u00e7imi ve kaynak bile\u015fiminin makul \u015fekilde ayarlanmas\u0131. Y\u00fcksek safl\u0131kta krom nikel \u00f6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik, y\u00fcksek silikon krom nikel \u00f6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik, ferrit \u00f6stenit paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve y\u00fcksek kromlu ferrit paslanmaz \u00e7elik, iyi stres korozyon direncine sahiptir. Kaynak metali \u00f6stenitik ferrit \u00e7ift fazl\u0131 \u00e7elik oldu\u011funda, stres korozyon direnci iyidir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Art\u0131k stresi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n veya azalt\u0131n. Y\u00fczey art\u0131k gerilmesi, cilalama, bilyeli d\u00f6vme ve \u00e7eki\u00e7leme ile azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Makul yap\u0131sal tasar\u0131m. B\u00fcy\u00fck stres konsantrasyonundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak s\u0131cak \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 (kaynak kristalle\u015fme \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131, HAZ s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cak \u00e7atlak hassasiyeti esas olarak malzemenin kimyasal bile\u015fimine, mikro yap\u0131s\u0131na ve \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ni, s ve P gibi safs\u0131zl\u0131klar ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktal\u0131 bile\u015fikler veya \u00f6tektik olu\u015fturmak kolayd\u0131r. Bor ve silikonun ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131cak \u00e7atlamay\u0131 te\u015fvik edecektir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zararl\u0131 safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ve elementlerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli olan, b\u00f6ylece s\u00fcrekli taneler aras\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 film olu\u015fumunu te\u015fvik eden ve s\u0131cak \u00e7atlaman\u0131n hassasiyetini art\u0131ran g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ile kaba s\u00fctunlu kristal yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmak kolayd\u0131r. Kaynak e\u015fit olmayan bir \u015fekilde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ekme gerilimi olu\u015fturmak ve kaynakta s\u0131cak \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek kolayd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nleyici tedbirler:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Zararl\u0131 safs\u0131zl\u0131klar s ve P i\u00e7eri\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmelidir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Kaynak metalinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayarlay\u0131n. Kaynaktaki \u03b4 faz\u0131 tane boyutunu iyile\u015ftirebilir, tek fazl\u0131 ostenitin y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rabilir, tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki zararl\u0131 safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir ve \u03b4 faz\u0131 daha fazla s ve P'yi \u00e7\u00f6zebilir, aray\u00fcz enerjisini azaltabilir ve taneler aras\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 film.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. Kaynak metal ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimini ayarlay\u0131n. S\u0131cak \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 hassasiyet, tek fazl\u0131 \u00f6stenitik \u00e7elikte Mn, C, N ve seryum, kazma ve tantal gibi eser elementler eklenerek azalt\u0131labilir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. S\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6nlemleri. \u0130ri s\u00fctunlu tanelerin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 girdisi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kesitli kaynak diki\u015fi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 25-20 \u00f6stenitik \u00e7elik, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131na e\u011filimlidir. Ana metalin kirlilik i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve tane boyutunu kesin olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlayarak, y\u00fcksek enerji yo\u011funluklu kaynak y\u00f6ntemini, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hat enerjisini benimseyerek ve eklemin so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak, vb.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n gevrekle\u015fmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n plastisitesi, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gevrekle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131cak dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik i\u00e7in garanti edilmelidir; D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7eli\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaynakl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lgan k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta iyi toklu\u011fa sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak deformasyonu b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle kaynak deformasyonu b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu nedenle deformasyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in fikst\u00fcr kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in kaynak y\u00f6ntemleri ve kaynak malzemelerinin se\u00e7imi: \u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik TIG, MIG, pen\u00e7e ve testere ile kaynaklanabilir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin kaynak ak\u0131m\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck termal iletkenli\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek diren\u00e7 katsay\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kalma s\u00fcresini azaltmak, karb\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6kelmesini \u00f6nlemek, kaynak b\u00fcz\u00fclme stresini azaltmak ve s\u0131cak \u00e7atlak hassasiyetini azaltmak i\u00e7in dar kaynak ve dar paso kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak malzemesinin bile\u015fimi, \u00f6zellikle Cr ve Ni, ana metalden daha y\u00fcksektir. Az miktarda ferrit (4-12%) i\u00e7eren kaynak malzemesi, kayna\u011f\u0131n iyi \u00e7atlak direncini (so\u011fuk \u00e7atlama, s\u0131cak \u00e7atlama ve stres korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131) sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynakta ferrit faz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na izin verilmedi\u011fi veya imkans\u0131z oldu\u011fu durumlarda Mo, Mn ve di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerini i\u00e7eren kaynak malzemesi se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak malzemelerinde C, s, P, Si ve Nb m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r. NB, saf ostenit kayna\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131la\u015fma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131na neden olabilir, ancak kaynakta az miktarda ferrit etkin bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nb i\u00e7eren kaynak malzemeleri genellikle kaynak sonras\u0131 stabilize edilmesi veya gerilimin giderilmesi gereken kaynak yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Orta plakay\u0131 kaynaklamak i\u00e7in tozalt\u0131 ark kayna\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Cr ve Ni'nin yanma kayb\u0131, ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin ak\u0131 ve kaynak teline ge\u00e7i\u015fi ile desteklenebilir;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derin n\u00fcfuziyet nedeniyle, kayna\u011f\u0131n orta b\u00f6lgesinde s\u0131cak \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131dan etkilenen b\u00f6lgede korozyon direncinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye dikkat edilmelidir. Daha ince kaynak teli ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kaynak hatt\u0131 enerjisi se\u00e7imine dikkat edilmelidir. Kaynak teli Si, s ve P'de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131ndaki ferrit i\u00e7eri\u011fi 5%'den fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. 20% Cr ve Ni'den fazla \u00f6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, kayna\u011fa Si ilavesini \u00f6nlemek ve \u00e7atlak direncini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek Mn (6-8%) kaynak teli ve alkalin veya n\u00f6tr ak\u0131 se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ak\u0131, ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kayna\u011fa aktarabilen ve kaynak performans\u0131 ve kimyasal bile\u015fim gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin yanma kayb\u0131n\u0131 telafi edebilen \u00e7ok az Si'yi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The welding characteristics of austenitic stainless steel: the elastic and plastic stress and strain are very large in the welding process, but there are few cold cracks. There is no quenching hardening zone and grain coarsening in welded joint, so the tensile strength of weld is high. The main problems of austenitic stainless steel welding…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/\u56fe\u72477-1.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}