{"id":20583,"date":"2021-06-17T07:57:20","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T07:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20583"},"modified":"2021-06-17T08:28:20","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T08:28:20","slug":"what-is-residual-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/artik-kuvvet-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Art\u0131k Kuvvet nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, resmi bir tan\u0131m vard\u0131r: art\u0131k gerilim, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcre\u00e7 fakt\u00f6rlerinden etkilenmesidir; Bu fakt\u00f6rler ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bile\u015fen \u00fczerindeki yukar\u0131daki etkiler ve etkiler tamamen ortadan kalkam\u0131yorsa ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bile\u015fende kal\u0131yorsa, art\u0131k etki ve etki art\u0131k gerilimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A little dizzy? Let’s talk about it in a popular way. For example, a person was very thin before and bought a pair of L-size jeans. However, after a year, he became very fat. When he wore these jeans again, he would feel that his trousers were too tight because he was fat and his trousers didn’t change. At this time, there was a strong force between his body and his trousers. If he used too much force, it was easy to tear them, This destructive force is the effect of residual stress. From the perspective of energy work, when the external force causes the plastic deformation of the object, it will cause the internal deformation of the object, thus accumulating part of the energy; When the external force is eliminated, the energy with uneven internal stress distribution will be released. If the brittleness of the object is low, it will deform slowly, and if the brittleness is high, it will form cracks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k gerilim, mekanik imalatta \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve genellikle her i\u015flemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6z\u00fcnde, art\u0131k stresin nedenleri \u00fc\u00e7 kategoriye ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk tip, d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmayan plastik deformasyondur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci tip d\u00fczensiz s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimidir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tip homojen olmayan faz ge\u00e7i\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k stresin zarar\u0131, art\u0131k stresin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Art\u0131k stres, nesnenin yava\u015f deformasyonuna neden olabilir, nesnenin boyutunun de\u011fi\u015fmesine neden olabilir, i\u015flenmi\u015f i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n niteliksiz boyutuna yol a\u00e7abilir, t\u00fcm aletin do\u011fruluk kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir ve \u00fcretimde bir hurda haline gelebilir. aletin ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve d\u00f6vme i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131nda \u00e7atlaklar ve hatta k\u0131r\u0131lmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, yorulma mukavemeti, stres korozyon direnci, t\u00fcm aletin mekanik \u00f6zellikleri analiz edilir Boyutsal kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fc de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011futma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, makul olmayan i\u015flemin neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fczensiz so\u011futma nedeniyle art\u0131k termal stres \u00fcretilir ve bu da d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1 So\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00f6k\u00fcm k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is\u0131l i\u015flemin s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011futulmu\u015f \u00f6stenitin martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn malzeme k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2 S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme s\u0131ras\u0131nda metal k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k gerilimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc Art\u0131k gerilimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc mekanik y\u00f6ntem, kimyasal y\u00f6ntem ve X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6ntemine ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mekanik y\u00f6ntem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En yayg\u0131n mekanik y\u00f6ntem delme y\u00f6ntemidir (k\u00f6r delik y\u00f6ntemi olarak da bilinir). \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, uzunlu\u011fu \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 olan bir \u00e7ubuk (veya boru) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nesneden kesilir ve merkezde bir a\u00e7\u0131k delik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra, delme \u00e7ubu\u011fu veya matkap ucu ile i\u00e7eriden ince bir metal tabakas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve her seferinde kesit alan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 5%'si \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra numune boyunun uzamas\u0131 ve \u00e7ap\u0131n uzamas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu de\u011ferler ile sondaj kesit alan\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki e\u011frisi \u00e7izilir ve uzama ve sondaj kesitinin de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131 karakterize etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7izim y\u00f6ntemiyle e\u011fri \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir noktan\u0131n t\u00fcrevi elde edilir ve daha sonra yerine ikame edilerek art\u0131k gerilme de\u011feri elde edilebilir. kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen stres form\u00fcl\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kimyasal y\u00f6ntem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kimyasal yasan\u0131n iki fikri vard\u0131r. Bir fikir, numuneyi uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme sokmak, korozyonun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreyi \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve art\u0131k gerilimi zamana g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirmektir. Kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zelti, kalay bronz i\u00e7in c\u0131va ve c\u0131va i\u00e7eren tuzlar ve \u00e7elik i\u00e7in zay\u0131f alkali ve nitrat olabilir; Ba\u015fka bir fikir, numuneyi uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye dald\u0131rmak ve aral\u0131klarla tartmakt\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k azaltma ve zaman aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki e\u011frisi elde edebilir ve art\u0131k gerilmenin boyutunu belirlemek i\u00e7in bunu standart e\u011fri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz. Elde edilen e\u011frinin konumu standart e\u011friden ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, nesnedeki art\u0131k gerilim o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3 Kimyasal y\u00f6ntemle test edilecek metalin dald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, metal par\u00e7alara n\u00fcfuz etmek i\u00e7in X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir ve Laue y\u00f6ntemi, nokta \u015feklinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine m\u00fcdahale ederek art\u0131k gerilimi kalitatif olarak belirleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4 X-ray y\u00f6nteminin prensibi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When there is no residual stress, the interference spots are distributed as dots. When there is residual stress, the interference spots elongate and show “Star” shape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(a) Art\u0131k gerilim yok\uff08 b) Art\u0131k gerilim var<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 5 Laue y\u00f6nteminin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debye y\u00f6ntemi, Debye diyagram\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m \u00e7izgisinin konumu, geni\u015fli\u011fi ve yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re belirlenebilen art\u0131k gerilmeyi nicel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To sum up, mechanical method and chemical method are destructive testing methods, which require local sampling of the object to be tested, and the damage is irreversible after testing; X-ray method is a non-destructive testing method, which can maintain the integrity of the object. Mechanical method can accurately determine the size and distribution of residual stress, which is generally suitable for bar or tube shaped objects; Chemical method is suitable for objects of wire and sheet type, but chemical method can only make qualitative judgment, it is difficult to achieve quantitative description; Although X-ray method is a “non-destructive” method, it is only suitable for some materials that can give clear and sharp diffraction lines, and because of the small projection ability of X-ray, it can only detect the part of the object close to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k stresin \u00e7ok fazla tehlikesi oldu\u011fundan, art\u0131k stresin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, etkili eliminasyon y\u00f6ntemi \u00e7ok gereklidir. D\u00f6rt eleme y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r: \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem, statik y\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131rma, titre\u015fim ya\u015flanmas\u0131 ve mekanik i\u015flem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is\u0131 tedavisi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Is\u0131l i\u015flem, art\u0131k gerilimi ortadan kald\u0131rmak veya azaltmak i\u00e7in art\u0131k gerilimin termal gev\u015feme etkisini kullanmakt\u0131r. Genellikle tavlama ve tavlama kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Static load pressurization is to adjust the residual stress of workpiece by plastic deformation of whole or part or even micro area. For example, large pressure vessels, after welding, are pressurized inside, which is called “bulging”, so that the welding joint has a small amount of plastic deformation, so as to reduce the welding residual stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 6 \u015ei\u015fkinlik i\u015fleminden sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck ya\u011f deposu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VSR, \u0130ngilizce'de titre\u015fim stresi giderme olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Titre\u015fimli gerilim giderme (VSR), m\u00fchendislik malzemelerinin dahili art\u0131k gerilimini ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Titre\u015fim yoluyla, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 kal\u0131nt\u0131 geriliminin vekt\u00f6r toplam\u0131 ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ek titre\u015fim gerilimi, malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, malzemenin i\u00e7 geriliminin gev\u015fetilebilmesi i\u00e7in malzemede az miktarda plastik deformasyon meydana gelir. ve azalt\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 7 su\u015fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir VSR sistemi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mekanik i\u015flem, birbiriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan par\u00e7alar, y\u00fczey haddeleme, y\u00fczey \u00e7ekme ve y\u00fczey boyutland\u0131rma ve kal\u0131pta ince presleme dahil olmak \u00fczere nesnenin y\u00fczeyindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck plastik deformasyon y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak art\u0131k gerilimi azaltmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fct\u00fclemenin avantajlar\u0131ndan biri art\u0131k gerilimin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

First of all, there is an official definition: residual stress is that the workpiece will be affected by various process factors in the manufacturing process; When these factors disappear, if the above effects and influences on the component can not disappear completely, and some of them remain in the component, then the residual effect and…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u56fe\u724710.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20583"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20583\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}