Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/strong>\n\t<\/h2>\n\tXE \u00d4 T\u00d4<\/h4>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p thi\u00eau k\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cacbua kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c cacbua kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, cacbua vonfram (WC), cacbua titan (TiC), cacbua tantalum (TaC) v\u00e0 cacbua tantalum (NbC) l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Kim lo\u1ea1i coban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cacbua xi m\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh; ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 niken (Ni), s\u1eaft (Fe), v.v., cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
T\u1ec8 TR\u1eccNG<\/h4>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang.
\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram (WC) l\u00e0 15,7 g \/ cm3 v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 coban (Co) l\u00e0 8,9 g \/ cm3. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban (Co) trong h\u1ee3p kim vonfram-coban (WC-Co) gi\u1ea3m, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a cacbua titan (TiC) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi cacbua vonfram, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 4,9 g \/ cm3, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu TiC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.
\nTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9.
\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Archimed).\nC\u1ee8NG<\/h4>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.
\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers (HV) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft l\u00f5m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nRockwell \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (HRA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.
\nC\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau.\nL\u1ef0C B\u1eba CONG<\/h4>\nM\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean hai \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a hai \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee1 ngang ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng u\u1ed1n.
\nTrong h\u1ee3p kim vonfram-coban (WC-Co), c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n t\u0103ng khi t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban (Co) c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim vonfram-coban, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban (Co) \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 15%, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a . b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01a1i
\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (\u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn), \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\nKH\u1ea2 N\u0102NG<\/h4>\nCacbua xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p v\u00e0 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.
\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh so s\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.
\nLo\u1ea1i A (lo\u1ea1i A): d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 m.
\nLo\u1ea1i B (lo\u1ea1i B): trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 25 mm.
\nVi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p.\nKHAI TH\u00c1C<\/h4>\nSau khi cacbua xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.
\nKhi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, m\u00f4 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb WC-Co th\u00e0nh W2CCo2 ho\u1eb7c W3CCo3. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram trong cacbua xi m\u0103ng (WC) l\u00e0 6.13% t\u00ednh theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebfu carbon r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.
\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed h\u00f3a l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xi m\u0103ng cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n.\nC\u1ea8N TH\u1eacN<\/h4>\nN\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c sau khi thi\u00eau k\u1ebft cacbua xi m\u0103ng.
\nH\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram trong cacbua xi m\u0103ng (WC) l\u00e0 6.13% t\u00ednh theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon qu\u00e1 cao, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u1ef1 do d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.
\nCarbon t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram.
\nC\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i C trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n pha cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a.\nL\u1ef0C L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u01af\u1ee0NG CH\u1ebe<\/h4>\nL\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong cacbua xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb.
\nC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a pha cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a pha t\u1eeb h\u00f3a c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng cao.\nH\u00c0I L\u00d2NG T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd<\/h4>\nCobalt (Co) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, trong khi cacbua vonfram (WC), cacbua titan (TiC), cacbua tantalum (TaC) v\u00e0 cacbua tantalum (VC) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a coban trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu coban tinh khi\u1ebft, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a pha ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh coban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1eeb b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim . Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong pha ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec carbon \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.
\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed.
\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1eeb cao cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a carbon t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a.\n\u0110I\u1ec2M B\u00d3NG \u0110\u00c1<\/h4>\nSau khi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh coban (Co) v\u00e0 cacbua vonfram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 coban \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng coban trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd HIP (thi\u00eau k\u1ebft \u00e1p su\u1ea5t). K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 coban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh kim lo\u1ea1i.
\nS\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 coban trong cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\n\t\tS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam?<\/h3>\n\t\t
Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngay h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin!<\/p>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y\n\t<\/a>\n