隨著越來越多的金屬零件制造商了解粉末冶金的優(yōu)勢,他們開始尋找新的和改進(jìn)的方法來使用這種工藝。同時(shí),他們熟悉和熟悉當(dāng)前的鍛造工藝。
但是,如果您可以將這兩種技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,生產(chǎn)出性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)粉末金屬 (PM) 的鍛造金屬零件,那會怎樣呢?這實(shí)際上是可能的。其實(shí)它有一個(gè)名字:粉末金屬鍛造。
Let’s understand the use of powder metallurgy forging and traditional powder metallurgy and traditional forging. As a reward, we will show a new alternative that is even more efficient than PM forging…
什么是粉末金屬鍛造?
粉末金屬鍛造是粉末冶金和鍛造的結(jié)合。也稱為粉末鍛造,這種金屬鍛造使用粉末材料,因?yàn)樗鼈冊谝韵路矫婢哂袃?yōu)勢:
1 成型能力
2 減少生產(chǎn)具有某些潛在獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢的最終部件的工藝步驟數(shù)量,例如連桿端蓋的斷裂和開裂
3 最小浪費(fèi)
其余部分被鍛造用于生產(chǎn)比傳統(tǒng)粉末金屬部件更耐用的高強(qiáng)度部件。
當(dāng)原料粉末被壓實(shí)然后燒結(jié)時(shí),鍛造粉末金屬的過程就開始了。燒結(jié)后,但當(dāng)零件仍處于高溫(1800°F以上)時(shí),機(jī)械手立即抓取零件并將其轉(zhuǎn)移到鍛模上。
If real estate is related to “l(fā)ocation”, then the powder metal forging process is related to “density”. The purpose is to make PM parts as close to full density as possible. This will provide you with higher performance and higher mechanical properties. If operated properly, the porosity of parts can be eliminated by more than 99%.
傳統(tǒng)粉末金屬鍛造件 VS 燒結(jié)件
確定是否使用粉末鍛造需要了解哪些金屬可以鍛造,哪些質(zhì)量對項(xiàng)目最重要。粉末冶金甚至可以以比鍛造更高的生產(chǎn)率生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜零件。
粉末金屬材料可以進(jìn)行常規(guī)的燒結(jié)處理,以提高抗拉強(qiáng)度和彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度。由于粉末冶金固有的凈成形能力,成形比沖壓加工更容易。
然而,當(dāng)強(qiáng)度是絕對必要的,而 PM 還不夠時(shí),金屬鍛造工藝可能是更好的選擇。通過粉末鍛造,形狀復(fù)雜性好,但粉末冶金還是要好得多。
However, there are still many examples of powder metallurgy forging and impressive results have been achieved. Take the connecting rod as an example. It has a unique shape. The pin end enters the interior of the piston, and the crank end is a large hole at the bottom, which is molded on the high shaft. With powder metallurgy forging, you can actually make these holes during the forging operation, thus reducing material waste and not requiring too much “flash” to fill the blockage or precision forging indentation.
You can use the traditional forging method to forge 1.2 pounds of raw materials, but with the powder metallurgy forging method, there may be only 1.02 pounds of low-cost iron copper carbon powder. This means reducing secondary processing – giving you a lead in the game.
It’s even better: ultra high temperature as an alternative to powder forging
將粉末冶金與鍛造相結(jié)合聽起來像是雙贏,對吧?這絕對是真的.. 如果您的預(yù)算不是問題。
為了制造鍛造金屬產(chǎn)品,制造商需要:
1A壓實(shí)機(jī)
2A特別設(shè)計(jì)的燒結(jié)爐
3A鍛壓機(jī)
4 其他設(shè)備
讓所有這些機(jī)器工作起來非常昂貴,而且成本將直接落在你的腿上。
傳統(tǒng)粉末冶金可能無法提供您想要的性能水平,但傳統(tǒng)鍛造可能非常昂貴。那么,我們能為介于兩者之間和邊緣的人們做些什么呢?
超高溫?zé)Y(jié)可以提高粉末金屬零件的強(qiáng)度和其他性能,使您接近粉末冶金鍛造的位置。我們將超高溫?zé)Y(jié)定義為在接近 2500°F 的溫度下加熱鐵粉。
這是一種折衷方案,實(shí)際上可能給您帶來的不僅僅是部分的總和。傳統(tǒng)粉末冶金可提供50-70%的粉末冶金鍛造性能。超高溫?zé)Y(jié)可提供80-90%的粉末冶金鍛造。
通過使用超高溫?zé)Y(jié),您可以保留金屬粉末提供的更多固有尺寸精度,但您也可以提供接近粉末冶金鍛造能力的機(jī)械性能。
One always popular side effect is that using a strict PM process may make material use more efficient. When forging connecting rods, the manufacturer must remove the resulting “flash”. Ultra high temperature sintering can produce a connecting rod to make your strength requirements without manual finishing, which will make it ready for field action.
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